Solid particle erosion (SPE) as a common damage mechanism in industrial applications can reduce the effective operation of components or contribute to failure. However, it has beneficial usages in manufacturing processes, especially in abrasive sandblasting and waterjet cutting. The aim of this paper is an investigation of erosive behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy through numerical and experimental approaches. A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model is developed using the representative volume element (RVE) to simulate multiple particles impact on Ti-6Al-4V target. Failure and plastic behavior of the target surface due to particles impact is described by Johnson-Cook constitutive equations. Furthermore, erosive behavior of the alloy is experimentally researched by multiple SPE tests. Verification of the implemented approach is studied by comparing the results of the FE model and the SPE experiments. Effects of particles impact angle considering Johnson-Cook coefficient values and particles velocity on erosive behavior of Ti-6Al-4V are also studied. Both numerical and experimental results show a maximum erosion rate of the alloy at an impact angle of 45 deg for spherical sand particles with a diameter of 100 µm. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, the erosion process involves both ductile and brittle mechanisms at this angle.
Issue Section:
Friction and Wear
References
1.
Poursaeidi
, E.
, Tafrishi
, H.
, and Amani
, H.
, 2017
, “Experimental-Numerical Investigation for Predicting Erosion in the First Stage of an Axial Compressor
,” Powder Technol.
, 306
(Jan.
), pp. 80
–87
. 2.
Farahani
, H.
, Ketabchi
, M.
, and Zangeneh
, S.
, 2017
, “Determination of Johnson-Cook Plasticity Model Parameters for Inconel718
,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
, 26
(11
), pp. 5284
–5293
. 3.
Peters
, J. O.
, and Ritchie
, R. O.
, 2000
, “Influence of Foreign-Object Damage on Crack Initiation and Early Crack Growth During High-Cycle Fatigue of Ti-6Al-4V
,” Eng. Fract. Mech.
, 67
(3
), pp. 193
–207
. 4.
ElTobgy
, M. S.
, Ng
, E.
, and Elbestawi
, M. A.
, 2005
, “Finite Element Modeling of Erosive Wear
,” Int. J. Mach. Tools Manuf.
, 45
(11
), pp. 1337
–1346
. 5.
Boyce
, M. P.
, 2011
, Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook
, 4th ed., Elsevier
, Oxford, UK
.6.
Khan
, A. S.
, and Yu
, S.
, 2012
, “Deformation Induced Anisotropic Responses of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy. Part I: Experiments
,” Int. J. Plast.
, 38
(Nov.
), pp. 1
–13
. 7.
Oliveira
, V. M. C. A.
, Vazquez
, A. M.
, Aguiar
, C.
, Robin
, A.
, and Barboza
, M. J. R.
, 2015
, “Protective Effect of Plasma-Assisted PVD Deposited Coatings on Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in NaCl Solutions
,” Mater. Des.
, 88
(Dec.
), pp. 1334
–1341
. 8.
Khoddami
, A. S.
, Salimi-Majd
, D.
, and Mohammadi
, B.
, 2019
, “Finite Element and Experimental Investigation of Multiple Solid Particle Erosion on Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Coated by Multilayer Wear-Resistant Coating
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 372
(Aug.
), pp. 173
–189
. 9.
Nixon
, M. E.
, Cazacu
, O.
, and Lebensohn
, R. A.
, 2010
, “Anisotropic Response of High-Purity α-Titanium: Experimental Characterization and Constitutive Modeling
,” Int. J. Plast.
, 26
(4
), pp. 516
–532
. 10.
Gheysarian
, A.
, and Abbasi
, M.
, 2017
, “The Effect of Aging on Microstructure, Formability and Springback of Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy
,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
, 26
(1
), pp. 374
–382
. 11.
Khun
, N. W.
, Toh
, W. Q.
, Tan
, X. P.
, Liu
, E.
, and Tor
, S. B.
, 2018
, “Tribological Properties of Three-Dimensionally Printed Ti-6Al-4V Material via Electron Beam Melting Process Tested Against 100Cr6 Steel Without and With Hank's Solution
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 140
(6
), p. 061606
. 12.
Martini
, C.
, and Ceschini
, L.
, 2011
, “A Comparative Study of the Tribological Behaviour of PVD Coatings on the Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
,” Tribol. Int.
, 44
(3
), pp. 297
–308
. 13.
Finnie
, I.
, 1960
, “Erosion of Surfaces by Solid Particles
,” Wear
, 3
(2
), pp. 87
–103
. 14.
Bousser
, E.
, Martinu
, L.
, and Klemberg-Sapieha
, J. E.
, 2014
, “Solid Particle Erosion Mechanisms of Protective Coatings for Aerospace Applications
,” Surf. Coat. Technol.
, 257
(Oct.
), pp. 165
–181
. 15.
Zambrano
, O. M.
, García
, D. S.
, Rodríguez
, S. A.
, and Coronado
, J. J.
, 2018
, “The Mild-Severe Wear Transition in Erosion Wear
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 66
(3
), p. 95
. 16.
Sundararajan
, G.
, and Roy
, M.
, 1997
, “Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour of Metallic Materials at Room and Elevated Temperatures
,” Tribol. Int.
, 30
(5
), pp. 339
–359
. 17.
Meng
, H.
, and Ludema
, K.
, 1995
, “Wear Models and Predictive Equations: Their Form and Content
,” Wear
, 181–183
(2
), pp. 443
–457
. 18.
Aquaro
, D.
, and Fontani
, E.
, 2001
, “Erosion of Ductile and Brittle Materials
,” Meccanica
, 36
(6
), pp. 651
–661
. 19.
Yerramareddy
, S.
, and Bahadur
, S.
, 1991
, “Effect of Operational Variables, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties on the Erosion of Ti-6Al-4V
,” Wear
, 142
(2
), pp. 253
–263
. 20.
Winkelmann
, H.
, Varga
, M.
, Badisch
, E.
, and Danninger
, H.
, 2009
, “Wear Mechanisms at High Temperatures: Part 2: Temperature Effect on Wear Mechanisms in the Erosion Test
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 34
(3
), pp. 167
–175
. 21.
Avcu
, E.
, Fidan
, S.
, Yıldıran
, Y.
, and Sınmazçelik
, T.
, 2013
, “Solid Particle Erosion Behaviour of Ti6Al4V Alloy
,” Tribol.-Mater. Surf. Interfaces
, 7
(4
), pp. 201
–210
. 22.
Atroshenko
, S. A.
, Evstifeev
, A. D.
, Kazarinov
, N. A.
, Petrov
, Y. V.
, and Valiev
, R. Z.
, 2017
, “Behavior of the Grade 5 Titanium Alloy in Different Structural States in Conditions of High-Speed Erosion
,” Procedia Struct. Integr.
, 6
, pp. 190
–195
. 23.
Naveed
, M.
, Schlag
, H.
, König
, F.
, and Weiß
, S.
, 2017
, “Influence of the Erodent Shape on the Erosion Behavior of Ductile and Brittle Materials
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 65
(1
), p. 18
. 24.
Kazarinov
, N. A.
, Evstifeev
, A. D.
, Petrov
, Y. V.
, Atroshenko
, S. A.
, and Valiev
, R. R.
, 2018
, “The Effect of Grain Refinement on Solid Particle Erosion of Grade 5 Ti Alloy
,” J. Mater. Eng. Perform.
, 27
(6
), pp. 3054
–3059
. 25.
Mishra
, A.
, Pradhan
, D.
, Behera
, C. K.
, Mohan
, S.
, and Mohan
, A.
, 2019
, “Effect of Prehot Corrosion on Erosion Behavior of High Chromium Ferritic Steel for Heat Exchangers
,” ASME J. Tribol.
, 141
(4
), p. 041607
. 26.
Wang
, Y. F.
, and Yang
, Z. G.
, 2008
, “Finite Element Model of Erosive Wear on Ductile and Brittle Materials
,” Wear
, 265
(5–6
), pp. 871
–878
. 27.
Takaffoli
, M.
, and Papini
, M.
, 2012
, “Numerical Simulation of Solid Particle Impacts on Al6061-T6 Part II: Materials Removal Mechanisms for Impact of Multiple Angular Particles
,” Wear
, 296
(1–2
), pp. 648
–655
. 28.
Takaffoli
, M.
, and Papini
, M.
, 2012
, “Numerical Simulation of Solid Particle Impacts on Al6061-T6 Part I: Three-Dimensional Representation of Angular Particles
,” Wear
, 292–293
(July
), pp. 100
–110
. 29.
Ashrafizadeh
, H.
, and Ashrafizadeh
, F.
, 2012
, “A Numerical 3D Simulation for Prediction of Wear Caused by Solid Particle Impact
,” Wear
, 276–277
(Feb.
), pp. 75
–84
. 30.
Azimian
, M.
, Schmitt
, P.
, and Bart
, H.
, 2015
, “Numerical Investigation of Single and Multi Impacts of Angular Particles on Ductile Surfaces
,” Wear
, 342–343
(Nov.
), pp. 252
–261
. 31.
Dong
, X.
, Li
, Z.
, Zhang
, Q.
, Zeng
, W.
, and Liu
, G. R.
, 2017
, “Analysis of Surface-Erosion Mechanism Due to Impacts of Freely Rotating Angular Particles Using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Erosion Model
,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. J
, 231
(12
), pp. 1537
–1551
. 32.
Grewal
, H. S.
, Agrawal
, A.
, and Singh
, H.
, 2013
, “Identifying Erosion Mechanism: A Novel Approach
,” Tribol. Lett.
, 51
(1
), pp. 1
–7
. 33.
ASTM G76-04
, 2004
, Standard Test Method for Conducting Erosion Tests by Solid Particle Impingement Using Gas Jets
, ASTM International
, West Conshohocken, PA
.34.
Johnson
, G. R.
, and Cook
, W. H.
, 1985
, “Fracture Characteristics of Three Metals Subjected to Various Strains, Strain Rates, Temperatures and Pressures
,” Eng. Fract. Mech.
, 21
(1
), pp. 31
–48
. 35.
Zhao
, Q.
, Wu
, G.
, and Sha
, W.
, 2010
, “Deformation of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V Under Dynamic Compression
,” Comput. Mater. Sci.
, 50
(2
), pp. 516
–526
. 36.
Shrot
, A.
, and Bäker
, M.
, 2012
, “Determination of Johnson-Cook Parameters From Machining Simulations
,” Comput. Mater. Sci.
, 52
(1
), pp. 298
–304
. 37.
Gambirasio
, L.
, and Rizzi
, E.
, 2016
, “An Enhanced Johnson-Cook Strength Model for Splitting Strain Rate and Temperature Effects on Lower Yield Stress and Plastic Flow
,” Comput. Mater. Sci.
, 113
(Feb.
), pp. 231
–265
. 38.
Tabei
, A.
, Abed
, F. H.
, Voyiadjis
, G. Z.
, and Garmestani
, H.
, 2017
, “Constitutive Modeling of Ti-6Al-4V at a Wide Range of Temperatures and Strain Rates
,” Eur. J. Mech.-A/Solids
, 63
(May–June
), pp. 128
–135
. 39.
Zhou
, T.
, Wu
, J.
, Che
, J.
, Wang
, Y.
, and Wang
, X.
, 2017
, “Dynamic Shear Characteristics of Titanium Alloy Ti-6Al-4V at Large Strain Rates by the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Test
,” Int. J. Impact Eng.
, 109
(Nov.
), pp. 167
–177
. 40.
Banerjee
, A.
, Dhar
, S.
, Acharyya
, S.
, Datta
, D.
, and Nayak
, N.
, 2015
, “Determination of Johnson Cook Material and Failure Model Constants and Numerical Modelling of Charpy Impact Test of Armour Steel
,” Mater. Sci. Eng. A
, 640
(July
), pp. 200
–209
. 41.
Wang
, X.
, and Shi
, J.
, 2013
, “Validation of Johnson-Cook Plasticity and Damage Model Using Impact Experiment
,” Int. J. Impact Eng.
, 60
(Oct.
), pp. 67
–75
. 42.
Jutras
, M.
, 2008
, “Improvement of the Characterisation Method of the Johnson-Cook Model
,” MSc thesis
, Faculté des sciences et de ǵenie, Universite Laval
, Quebec
, Canada.43.
Cheng
, B.
, and Chou
, K.
, 2013
, “A Design-of-Experiments Approach to Study Thermal Property Effects on Melt Pool Geometry in Powder-Based EBAM
,” ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition
, San Diego, CA
, Nov. 15–21
, p. V02AT02A017.44.
Karpat
, Y.
, 2011
, “Temperature Dependent Flow Softening of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V: An Investigation Using Finite Element Simulation of Machining
,” J. Mater. Process. Technol.
, 211
(4
), pp. 737
–749
. 45.
Schwarze
, C.
, Darvishi Kamachali
, R.
, Kühbach
, M.
, Mießen
, C.
, Tegeler
, M.
, Barrales-Mora
, L.
, Steinbach
, I.
, and Gottstein
, G.
, 2018
, “Computationally Efficient Phase-Field Simulation Studies Using RVE Sampling and Statistical Analysis
,” Comput. Mater. Sci.
, 147
(May
), pp. 204
–216
. 46.
Seo
, S.
, Min
, O.
, and Yang
, H.
, 2005
, “Constitutive Equation for Ti-6Al-4V at High Temperatures Measured Using the SHPB Technique
,” Int. J. Impact Eng.
, 31
(6
), pp. 735
–754
. 47.
Bitter
, J.
, 1963
, “A Study of Erosion Phenomena Part I
,” Wear
, 6
(1
), pp. 5
–21
. 48.
Hashish
, M.
, 1987
, “An Improved Model of Erosion by Solid Particle Impact
,” Erosion Liquid Solid Impact, Seventh Int. Conf. Erosion Liquid Solid Impact
, 66
, pp. 1
–9
.49.
Neilson
, J.
, and Gilchrist
, A.
, 1968
, “Erosion by a Stream of Solid Particles
,” Wear
, 11
(2
), pp. 111
–122
. Copyright © 2019 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.
