Hot rolling tests were performed on low carbon steel strips with the objective of determining the coefficient of friction as a function of the process variables. The growth of the scale prior to rolling was controlled and the thickness of the layer of scale at the entry remained in the range of 20–100 μm, somewhat higher than in the finishing train of a hot strip mill. Roll separating forces, roll torques, the speed, the reduction and the entry temperature were monitored. The effective coefficient of friction was determined by using a one-dimensional model of the flat rolling process. The coefficient was chosen to allow matching the measured and calculated roll force and the roll torque. An empirical relation, connecting the coefficient of friction to process variables was obtained by non-linear regression analysis.

Issue Section:
Technical Papers
Keywords:
steel, rolling, friction, rolling mills, materials preparation, Hot Rolling, Friction, Steel, Oxide Layer
Topics:
Friction, Hot rolling, Strips, Temperature, Carbon steel, Steel, Torque
1.
Lenard, J. G., and Pietrzyk, M., 1993, “Tribology of Hot Forming: Its Effect on Grain Development,” Proceedings of the Symposium Advances in Hot Deformation Textures and Microstructures, J. J. Jonas, T. R. Bieler and K. J. Bowman, eds., Pittsburgh, TMS, 1993 pp. 107–120.
2.
Li, Y. H., and Sellars, C. M., 1999, “Modelling Surface Temperatures During Hot Rolling of Steel,” Modelling of Metal Rolling Processes 3, IOM Communications, London, J. H. Beynon, M. T. Clark, P. Ingham, P. Kern, K. Waterson, eds., pp. 178–186.
3.
Tiley, J. B., Lenard, J. G., and Yu, Y., “Roll Bite Deformation of the Thin Scale Layer on a Plain Carbon Steel during Hot Rolling,” to be presented at the 42nd MWSP Conference, Oct. 2000, Toronto.
4.
Wusatowski, Z., 1969, Fundamentals of Rolling, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
5.
Munther
,
P.
, and
Lenard
,
J. G.
,
1995
, “
Tribology During Hot, Flat Rolling of Steels
,”
CIRP Ann.
44
, pp.
213
–
216
.
6.
Munther, P., 1997, “The Effect of Material and Process Parameters on the Frictional Conditions in Hot Flat Rolling of Steels,” PhD thesis, University of Waterloo, Waterloo.
7.
Loung
,
L. H. S.
, and
Heijkoop
,
T.
,
1981
, “
The Influence of Scale on Friction in Hot Metalworking
,”
Wear
,
71
,
93
–
102
.
8.
Munther
,
P.
, and
Lenard
,
J. G.
,
1995
, “
Tribology During Hot, Flat Rolling of Steels
,”
CIRP Ann.
,
44
, pp.
213
–
216
.
9.
Munther
,
P. A.
, and
Lenard
,
J. G.
,
1997
, “
A Study of Friction during Hot Rolling of Steels
,”
Scand. J. Metall.
,
26
, pp.
231
–
240
.
10.
Sheu
,
S.
,
Hector
,
L. G.
, and
Richmond
,
O.
,
1998
, “
Tool Surface Topographies for Controlling Friction and Wear in Metal Forming Processes
,”
ASME J. Tribol.
,
120
, pp.
517
–
527
.
11.
Wilson
,
W. R. D.
,
Sakaguchi
,
Y.
, and
Schmid
,
S. R.
,
1994
, “
A Mixed Flow Model for Lubrication with Emulsions
,”
Tribol. Trans.
,
37
, pp.
543
–
551
.
12.
Hoffman, O., and Sachs, G., 1953, Introduction to the Theory of Plasticity for Engineers, McGraw-Hill. Inc., New York.
13.
Lenard
,
J. G.
, and
Zhang
,
S.
,
1997
, “
A Study of Friction During Lubricated Cold Rolling of an Aluminum Alloy
,”
J. Mater. Process. Technol.
,
72
, pp.
293
–
301
.
14.
Roychoudhury, R., Lenard, J. G., 1984, “A Mathematical Model for Cold Rolling—Experimental Substantiation,” Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Techn. Plast., Tokyo, pp. 1138–1145.
15.
Shida, S., 1974, “Effect of Carbon Content, Temperature and Strain Rate on Compressive Flow Stress of Carbon Steel,” Hitachi Res. Lab. Report, 1–9.
16.
Sheu, S., and Wilson, W. R. D., 1983, “Flattening of Workpiece Surface Asperities in Metalforming,” Proc. NAMRC XI, SME, pp. 172–178.
17.
Schey, J. A., 2000, Introduction to Manufacturing Processes, 3rd edition, McGraw Hill, New York.
18.
Azarkhin, A., and Richmond, O., 1992, “Limits to Adhesive Friction,” Numerical Methods in Industrial Forming Processes, J.-L. Chenot, R. D. Wood, and O. C. Zienkiewicz, eds., Balkema, pp. 143–148.
19.
Lenard, J. G., Pietrzyk, M., and Cser, L., 1999, Mathematical and Physical Simulation of the Properties of Hot Rolled Products, Elsevier, Oxford.
Copyright © 2002
 by ASME
You do not currently have access to this content.