... air but the SHX can use it more efficiently than the degraded PHX. The entire temperature deficit is not recovered due to the cold RAM flow to the SHX being limited. This results in the overall effect of the PHX fouling on the turbine outlet temperature being minimal. Fig. 12 PHX degradation...

... of a tube bundle. This leads to various challenges in the operation of the affected devices. Flow maldistribution reduces heat duty of STHE in many applications and supports fouling buildup in fluids that tend to particle, bio, and crystallization fouling (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, ed., 2010, Heat Atlas...

... Simscape ECS simulation under all conditions (SESAC) has previously been implemented, calibrated, and tested against data from healthy systems. Here the simulations are extended to cover degraded components in a representative Boeing 737-800 aircraft PACK model. Fault modes such as blockage and fouling...

...Wei Li Oscillatory fouling in condensers using cooling tower water was recognized in 1980s, but it had not yet been theoretically analyzed. Without careful theoretical analysis, it is easy to think that oscillatory fouling phenomenon is generated from experimental uncertainty. The new analysis...

... carbonated water spray cooling critical heat flux nucleate transition boiling evaporation fouling heat transfer enhancement very high temperature heat transfer High quenching rate is an essential criterion for the attainment of high tensile strength and moderate hardenability in steel [ 1...

... between the test tubes. Heat transfer in the condenser is simulated by heated water flowing through each annulus of the double-pipe heat exchangers, thereby maintaining repeatable outer convection conditions. An exposure test of 125 days shows that the 50% biocide-filled PPF has the lowest fouling factor...

... and hydroxides forms, which can be removed before feedwater enters the boiler. Tube fouling created a thermal barrier to heat transfer and resulted in gradual increases of tube wall and band heater temperatures at a constant heat flux. Mg 2+ concentration dropped significantly between the feedwater tank...