... to investigate them with most experimental techniques. This study proposes the application of an ultrasonic method (through immersion scans of the potential contact region between the members of a bolted joint) aimed at obtaining both graphical maps of contact conditions and, after a calibration process, actual...

... measurement of waves in the unstressed state. To avoid the systematic calibration tests (generally carried out before tightening control), an experimental method has been applied. This method allows determination of the effective length under stress and the difference between longitudinal and transverse...