... torsion and bending to elbow deflections. The Flexibility Factor, k , for elbows is defined in the Code as follows [( 1 )]: 1 k = θ ab θ nom where θ nom is the nominal rotation between ends “ a ” and “ b ” of an elbow and θ ab is the actual rotation of the elbow...

...Rongsheng Li; Zengliang Gao; Yuebao Lei A global limit load solution is derived in this paper for embedded off-set elliptical cracks in a plate under combined tension and bending, based on the net-section collapse principle. The new limit load solution is validated using 3D elastic-perfectly...

... high vibrational bending stresses and corrosive agents. It was shown that the role of a vibrational bending stress due to high velocity of input steam is very impressive. The important point in this study was the branching of corrosion fatigue cracks during their growth in presence of NaOH and chloride...

...Hany F. Abdalla; Maher Y. A. Younan; Mohammad M. Megahed A simplified technique for determining the lower bound shakedown limit load of a structure, employing an elastic–perfectly plastic (EPP) material model, was previously developed and successfully applied to a long radius 90 deg pipe bend...

... the results obtained from the previous and improved method. Next, the improved method is used to predict also the other stress components in each portion of the pontoon. Numerical results reveal that the bending stresses are magnified locally near the joint with the deck and that the hoop membrane stress...

...Nikzad Nourpanah; Farid Taheri The reeling technique presents an economical pipeline installation method for offshore oil and gas applications, especially for thick-wall (low D / t ) pipelines. During reeling, the pipe is subjected to large plastic bending strains up to 3%. In thick-wall pipes...

...Yinsheng Li; Kunio Hasegawa; Akira Shibuya; Nathaniel G. Cofie When a flaw is detected in a stainless steel piping system, an evaluation has to be performed to determine its suitability for continued operation. The failure bending moment of the flawed pipe can be predicted by limit load criterion...

... of a three dimensional elastic body with no a priori assumption and the equilibrium of a segment deformed by bending moments. To verify the accuracy of the equivalent elastic constants, a linear static analysis of sandwiched aluminum plates subjected to lateral pressure is carried out. The results...

... piping load interaction curves, nonlinear finite element analysis assuming the elastic perfectly plastic material model is performed by using the commercial finite element analysis software ANSYS and multiple piping load combinations, which are the combination of orthogonal bending moment components...

... to combinations of bending and normal force is one of the failure modes to be considered in offshore installation of line pipe. The results of axial compression tests are presented: on liner pipe only (I), on liner pipe while positioned in the outer pipe (II), and on the joined liner and outer pipe (III). Thanks...

...Dennis K. Williams 01 11 2010 04 11 2010 22 12 2010 22 12 2010 bending buckling pipes pressure vessels shells (structures) The special topic articles contained within the following pages are comprised of works from our European Community who has aggressively...

...Sotiria Houliara; Spyros A. Karamanos The present paper investigates structural response and buckling of long unstiffened thin-walled cylindrical steel shells, subjected to bending moments, with particular emphasis on stability design. The cylinder response is characterized by cross-sectional...

...&PV Codes III and VIII-2. In many pressure vessel structures, it is difficult to obtain P L + P b due to the lack of information about primary bending stress. In this paper, a simple approach to derive the primary bending stress from the finite element analysis was proposed with application examples...

... their magnitudes because, unfortunately, the amount of experimental data available in literature are rather limited. This paper describes the experiments performed to measure forces in 6 mm diameter tubing containing a bend. Experiments are performed on bends of different radii, with the bend positioned...

...AR. Veerappan; S. Shanmugam; S. Soundrapandian Thinning and ovality are commonly observed irregularities in pipe bends, which induce higher stress than perfectly circular cross sections. In this work, the stresses introduced in pipe bends with different ovalities and thinning for a particular...

... wall thinning, shake table tests using 3D piping system models were conducted. About 50% full circumferential wall thinning at elbows was considered in the test. Three types of models were used in the shake table tests. The difference of the models was the applied bending direction to the thinned-wall...

... for successful loading and completion of these tests. This paper makes a detailed discussion on the test setup, test method, loading and boundary conditions, instruments used, and test results obtained from this study. 28 11 2008 08 03 2010 28 04 2010 28 04 2010 bending fracture...

...Michael Eggen; Susan C. Mantell; Jane H. Davidson The mechanical behavior of perforated, chopped fiber reinforced polymer plates is measured in three point bend tests to determine if an equivalent elastic modulus can be applied to fiber filled perforated plates despite local areas of reduced...

... proposed for assessing the flaws in the p - M (pressure-moment) diagram, which is an easy way to visualize the status of the component with flaws simultaneously subjected to internal pressure p and external bending moment M due to earthquake, etc. If the assessment point ( M r , p r ) lies inside the p - M...

.... The COD values were calculated along the thickness at the center of the crack. As for the loading conditions, only remote tension was considered for the plates, whereas remote tension, global bending moment, and internal pressure were considered for the cylinders. The finite element model employed...