New opportunities in design surface with scientific advances: however, the rapid pace of scientific discoveries combined with the complexity of technical barriers often impedes new product development. Bio-based technologies, for instance, typically require decisions across complex multiscale system organizations that are difficult for humans to understand and formalize computationally. This paper addresses such challenges in science and design by weaving phases of empirical discovery, analytical description, and technological development in an integrative “D3 Methodology.” The phases are bridged with human-guided computational processes suitable for human-in-the-loop design approaches. Optimization of biolibraries, which are sets of standardized biological parts for adaptation into new products, is used as a characteristic design problem for demonstrating the methodology. Results from this test case suggest that biolibraries with synthetic biological components can promote the development of high-performance bio-based products. These new products motivate further scientific studies to characterize designed synthetic biological components, thus illustrating reciprocity among science and design. Successes in implementing each phase suggest the D3 Methodology is a feasible route for bio-based research and development and for driving the scientific inquiries of today toward the novel technologies of tomorrow.
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August 2016
Research-Article
The D3 Methodology: Bridging Science and Design for Bio-Based Product Development
Paul Egan,
Paul Egan
Department of Mechanical and
Process Engineering,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETH Zurich),
CLA F 34.1,
Tannenstrasse 3,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
e-mail: pegan@ethz.ch
Process Engineering,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETH Zurich),
CLA F 34.1,
Tannenstrasse 3,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
e-mail: pegan@ethz.ch
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Jonathan Cagan,
Jonathan Cagan
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: cagan@cmu.edu
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: cagan@cmu.edu
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Christian Schunn,
Christian Schunn
Department of Psychology,
University of Pittsburgh,
4200 Fifth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
e-mail: schunn@pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh,
4200 Fifth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
e-mail: schunn@pitt.edu
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Felix Chiu,
Felix Chiu
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: Felixchiu92@gmail.com
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: Felixchiu92@gmail.com
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Jeffrey Moore,
Jeffrey Moore
Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Massachusetts Lowell,
One University Avenue,
Lowell, MA 01854
e-mail: Jeffrey_Moore@uml.edu
University of Massachusetts Lowell,
One University Avenue,
Lowell, MA 01854
e-mail: Jeffrey_Moore@uml.edu
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Philip LeDuc
Philip LeDuc
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: prl@andrew.cmu.edu
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: prl@andrew.cmu.edu
Search for other works by this author on:
Paul Egan
Department of Mechanical and
Process Engineering,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETH Zurich),
CLA F 34.1,
Tannenstrasse 3,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
e-mail: pegan@ethz.ch
Process Engineering,
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology
(ETH Zurich),
CLA F 34.1,
Tannenstrasse 3,
Zurich 8092, Switzerland
e-mail: pegan@ethz.ch
Jonathan Cagan
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: cagan@cmu.edu
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: cagan@cmu.edu
Christian Schunn
Department of Psychology,
University of Pittsburgh,
4200 Fifth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
e-mail: schunn@pitt.edu
University of Pittsburgh,
4200 Fifth Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15260
e-mail: schunn@pitt.edu
Felix Chiu
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: Felixchiu92@gmail.com
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: Felixchiu92@gmail.com
Jeffrey Moore
Department of Biological Sciences,
University of Massachusetts Lowell,
One University Avenue,
Lowell, MA 01854
e-mail: Jeffrey_Moore@uml.edu
University of Massachusetts Lowell,
One University Avenue,
Lowell, MA 01854
e-mail: Jeffrey_Moore@uml.edu
Philip LeDuc
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: prl@andrew.cmu.edu
Carnegie Mellon University,
5000 Forbes Avenue,
Pittsburgh, PA 15213
e-mail: prl@andrew.cmu.edu
1Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Design Theory and Methodology Committee of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL DESIGN. Manuscript received October 12, 2015; final manuscript received May 31, 2016; published online June 16, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Andy Dong.
J. Mech. Des. Aug 2016, 138(8): 081101 (13 pages)
Published Online: June 16, 2016
Article history
Received:
October 12, 2015
Revised:
May 31, 2016
Citation
Egan, P., Cagan, J., Schunn, C., Chiu, F., Moore, J., and LeDuc, P. (June 16, 2016). "The D3 Methodology: Bridging Science and Design for Bio-Based Product Development." ASME. J. Mech. Des. August 2016; 138(8): 081101. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4033751
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