... with a spanwise distance to fin diameter ratio of 2 and height over fin diameter ratio of one. For validation purposes, the flow Reynolds number based on hydraulic channel diameter and bulk velocity (Re = 12,800) was set to match experiments available in the open literature. Simulations included a URANS and LES...

... and experimental (total) spectra of the azimuthal velocity in the gap center, which demonstrates that the URANS approach acts like a bandpass filter, separating the coherent fluctuations from the non-coherent ones. The present approach produces comparable spectral effects to those generated by adaptive filters...