... convection forced convection annulus annular channel eccentricity thermocouples Natural and mixed convection in vertical channels have received considerable attention due to their occurrence in a wide range of engineering fields, including passive cooling of electric and electronic equipment...

... heating is measured using hot-wire anemometry. Finally, the thermal boundary layer over the steadily heated plate is measured using a thermocouple probe. Because of the constant flux experimental configuration, the protuberances provide negligible heat flux augmentation. Consequently, the variation...

... by reporting the heater thermal image obtained by an infrared camera, the inlet and outlet flow temperature via thermocouples, the flow rate via rotameter, and the pressure drop across the inlet and outlet flow via pressure transducers. The single enclosed jet flow is used to create a single cyclone inside...

... convection annular channel eccentricity thermocouples Heat exchangers are essential parts of many engineering systems, including heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems and power generation plants of all sorts. Among the many heat exchanger designs that are available, a relatively...

...Parviz Merati; Charles Davis; K.-H. Chen; J. P. Johnson Particle image velocimetry and thermal measurements using thermocouples are used to measure the buoyant flow of a simplified full-scale model of an engine compartment. The engine block surface temperature and exhaust heaters are kept at about...

...Lina Zhu; Guangjun Wang; Hong Chen; Zhaoming Luo This study provides a new inverse approach based on fuzzy inference for solving the problem of estimating heat flux distribution at the metal-mold interface in the continuous casting process. Measured temperatures acquired with the thermocouples...

... the use of surfactant. Quench probes with a diameter of 20 mm and a length of 50 mm were prepared from 304L stainless steel. Thermocouples were fixed at the selected location inside the quench probes and the probes were quenched in distilled water and CNT nanofluids. During quenching, time-temperature...

... indium tin oxide (ITO) layer commercially deposited on a fused quartz substrate. Four copper-nickel thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) on the heater surface measured the surface temperature, while a thin layer of sapphire or synthetic fused silica provided electrical insulation between the TFTCs and the ITO...

... adjusted and controlled. They are widely used as thermal flow sensors, microbolometers, Joule heating igniters, infrared sources, gas sensors, etc. ( 1 2 3 4 ). contact resistance thermal probes calibration thermocouple microhotplate calibration contact resistance micromechanical...

... through two parallel templates with holes drilled on a 5 × 5 mm 2 mesh. The temperature of the active segment of the probe was monitored by a single soldered thermocouple (TC). Temperatures in the gel were monitored by K-type TC strings in the radial, and in the downward and upward axial directions...

... a compound angle of 45 deg with respect to the high temperature air flow direction. Both geometries were tested over a blowing ratio range of 0.7 to 4.0 Surface temperatures were measured along four longitudinal rows of thermocouples covering the downstream area between two adjacent holes. The results showed...

...T. C. Tszeng; G. F. Zhou The present paper addresses the measurement errors in temperature due to the effects of surface-mounted temperature sensors like thermocouples. Heat conduction into or from the installed thermocouple wires can alter the temperature at the thermocouple junction as well...

...T. C. Tszeng; V. Saraf The present study addresses the effects of thermocouples on the measured temperature when such thermocouples are mounted directly on the surface of the object. A surface-mounted thermocouple is a very convenient way of measuring the surface temperature. However, the heat...

... into the test section after passing through a straight entrance region, with length of 660 mm, which has a rectangular flow cross section identical to the flow passage inside the test section. Air temperature at the inlet to the test section was measured by means of two K-type thermocouples (0.3 mm in diameter...

... Thermocouples ASTM, 1981, Manual on the Use of Thermocouples in Temperature Measurement , STP 470B. Bott, T. R., 1995, The Fouling of Heat Exchangers , Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Cho Y. I. , Fan C. F. , and Choi B. G. , 1997 a, “ Theory of Electronic Anti-Fouling...