The effects of orifice diameter on several aspects of diesel fuel jet flame structure were investigated in a constant-volume combustion vessel under heavy-duty direct-injection (DI) diesel engine conditions using Phillips research grade #2 diesel fuel and orifice diameters ranging from 45 μm to 180 μm. The overall flame structure was visualized with time-averaged OH chemiluminescence and soot luminosity images acquired during the quasi-steady portion of the diesel combustion event that occurs after the transient premixed burn is completed and the flame length is established. The lift-off length, defined as the farthest upstream location of high-temperature combustion, and the flame length were determined from the OH chemiluminescence images. In addition, relative changes in the amount of soot formed for various conditions were determined from the soot incandescence images. Combined with previous investigations of liquid-phase fuel penetration and spray development, the results show that air entrainment upstream of the lift-off length (relative to the amount of fuel injected) is very sensitive to orifice diameter. As orifice diameter decreases, the relative air entrainment upstream of the lift-off length increases significantly. The increased relative air entrainment results in a reduced overall average equivalence ratio in the fuel jet at the lift-off length and reduced soot luminosity downstream of the lift-off length. The reduced soot luminosity indicates that the amount of soot formed relative to the amount of fuel injected decreases with orifice diameter. The flame lengths determined from the images agree well with gas jet theory for momentum-driven nonpremixed turbulent flames.
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e-mail: lmpicke@sandia.gov
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January 2005
Technical Papers
Orifice Diameter Effects on Diesel Fuel Jet Flame Structure
Lyle M. Pickett,
e-mail: lmpicke@sandia.gov
Lyle M. Pickett
Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551
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Dennis L. Siebers
Dennis L. Siebers
Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551
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Lyle M. Pickett
Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551
e-mail: lmpicke@sandia.gov
Dennis L. Siebers
Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, MS 9053, Livermore, CA 94551
Contributed by the Internal Combustion Engine Division of THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS for publication in the ASME JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER. Manuscript received by the ICE Division June 2002; final revision received by the ASME Headquarters Aug. 2003. Associate Editor: D. Assanis.
J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. Jan 2005, 127(1): 187-196 (10 pages)
Published Online: February 9, 2005
Article history
Received:
June 1, 2002
Revised:
August 1, 2003
Online:
February 9, 2005
Citation
Pickett, L. M., and Siebers, D. L. (February 9, 2005). "Orifice Diameter Effects on Diesel Fuel Jet Flame Structure ." ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. January 2005; 127(1): 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1760525
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