Fig. 1 Freestanding outdoor digital display with a Comms Cap [ 4 ] More

Fig. 2 Interior view with enclosure doors opened of sample configuration of devices within a Comms Cap More

Fig. 3 Brief description of historical development, power density trends, and relative range for wireless network generations [ 5 ]: ( a ) historical development and increasing power density trends for wireless network generations and ( b ) relative cellular network range for macro and small cellu... More

Fig. 4 Solar angle geometry More

Fig. 5 Design day transient boundary conditions.( a )–( e ) are design day solar irradiance for ECT climate models and case study locations, and ( f ) is design day diurnal temperature profiles for all case studies: ( a ) solar loading for the ECT climate model, ( b ) solar loading near New York, ... More

Fig. 5 Design day transient boundary conditions.( a )–( e ) are design day solar irradiance for ECT climate models and case study locations, and ( f ) is design day diurnal temperature profiles for all case studies: ( a ) solar loading for the ECT climate model, ( b ) solar loading near New York, ... More

Fig. 6 Fluid domain and boundary conditions More

Fig. 7 Fully assembled and instrumented representative small cell device More

Fig. 8 Numerical simulation independence study analyses: ( a ) mesh independence analysis and ( b ) time step independence analysis More

Fig. 9 Experimental setup of Comms Cap: ( a ) fully assembled Comms Cap ready to be deployed and ( b ) relative location of devices in deployed Comms Cap More

Fig. 10 Rendering of thermocouple locations on Comms Cap More

Fig. 11 Local ambient conditions used for simulation validation for two case study days: ( a ) case study: April 6, 2021 and ( b ) case study: May 1, 2021 More

Fig. 12 Validation of case study simulations with experimental uncertainty illustrated by shaded bands for two case study days: ( a ) validation case study 1: April 6, 2021 and ( b ) validation case study 2: May 1, 2021 More

Fig. 13 Validation of outlet air temperatures for Comms Cap during validation case 2: May 1, 2021: ( a ) Comms Cap outlet air temperatures and ( b ) temperature rise through Comms Cap More

Fig. 14 Temperature results for case studies: ( a ) ECT climate model, ( b ) New York, NY in the summer, ( c )Miami, FL, ( d ) Phoenix, AZ, and ( e ) New York, NY in the winter More

Fig. 14 Temperature results for case studies: ( a ) ECT climate model, ( b ) New York, NY in the summer, ( c )Miami, FL, ( d ) Phoenix, AZ, and ( e ) New York, NY in the winter More

Fig. 15 Outlet air temperatures for Comms Cap: ( a ) Comms Cap outlet air temperatures and ( b ) temperature rise through Comms Cap More

Fig. 1 Multiregion analysis models: ( a ) fully coupled problem and ( b ) partially coupled problem More