A dynamic two-phase flow model for proton exchange membrane fuel cells is presented. The two-dimensional model includes the two-phase flow of water (gaseous and liquid) in the gas diffusion layers (GDLs) and in the catalyst layers (CLs), as well as the transport of the species in the gas phase. The membrane model describes water transport in a perfluorinated-sulfonic-acid-ionomer-based membrane. Two transport modes of water in the membrane are considered, and appropriate coupling conditions to the porous CLs are formulated. Water transport through the membrane in the vapor equilibrated transport mode is described by a Grotthus mechanism, which is included as a macroscopic diffusion process. The driving force for water transport in the liquid equilibrated mode is due to a gradient in the hydraulic water pressure. Moreover, electro-osmotic drag of water is accounted for. The discretization of the resulting flow equations is done by a mixed finite element approach. Based on this method, the transport equations for the species in each phase are discretized by a finite volume scheme. The coupled mixed finite element/finite volume approach gives the spatially resolved water and gas saturation and the species concentrations. In order to describe the charge transport in the fuel cell, the Poisson equations for the electrons and protons are solved by using Galerkin finite element schemes. The electrochemical reactions in the catalyst layer are modeled with a simple Tafel approach via source/sink terms in the Poisson equations and in the mass balance equations. Heat transport is modeled in the GDLs, the CLs, and the membrane. Heat transport through the solid, liquid, and gas phases is included in the GDLs and the CLs. Heat transport in the membrane is described in the solid and liquid phases. Both heat conduction and heat convection are included in the model.
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e-mail: kay@ise.fhg.de
e-mail: scr@zhwin.ch
e-mail: cfgold@mit.edu
e-mail: mario@mathematik.uni-freiburg.de
e-mail: cziegler@ise.fhg.de
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February 2008
This article was originally published in
Journal of Fuel Cell Science and Technology
Research Papers
A Nonisothermal PEM Fuel Cell Model Including Two Water Transport Mechanisms in the Membrane
K. Steinkamp,
e-mail: kay@ise.fhg.de
K. Steinkamp
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
, Heidenhofstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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J. O. Schumacher,
e-mail: scr@zhwin.ch
J. O. Schumacher
Institute for Computational Physics
, Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur, P.O. Box 805, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerland
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F. Goldsmith,
e-mail: cfgold@mit.edu
F. Goldsmith
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139
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M. Ohlberger,
M. Ohlberger
Institute for Applied Mathematics,
e-mail: mario@mathematik.uni-freiburg.de
Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg
, Herrmann Herderstrasse 10, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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C. Ziegler
e-mail: cziegler@ise.fhg.de
C. Ziegler
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
, Heidenhofstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
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K. Steinkamp
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
, Heidenhofstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germanye-mail: kay@ise.fhg.de
J. O. Schumacher
Institute for Computational Physics
, Zuercher Hochschule Winterthur, P.O. Box 805, CH-8401 Winterthur, Switzerlande-mail: scr@zhwin.ch
F. Goldsmith
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139e-mail: cfgold@mit.edu
M. Ohlberger
Institute for Applied Mathematics,
Albert-Ludwigs-Universitaet Freiburg
, Herrmann Herderstrasse 10, 79110 Freiburg, Germanye-mail: mario@mathematik.uni-freiburg.de
C. Ziegler
Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems
, Heidenhofstrasse 2, 79110 Freiburg, Germanye-mail: cziegler@ise.fhg.de
J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. Feb 2008, 5(1): 011007 (16 pages)
Published Online: January 16, 2008
Article history
Received:
July 13, 2007
Revised:
September 25, 2007
Published:
January 16, 2008
Citation
Steinkamp, K., Schumacher, J. O., Goldsmith, F., Ohlberger, M., and Ziegler, C. (January 16, 2008). "A Nonisothermal PEM Fuel Cell Model Including Two Water Transport Mechanisms in the Membrane." ASME. J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. February 2008; 5(1): 011007. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2822884
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