.... Sixteen fresh-frozen human femurs and five artificial femurs were obtained. Cortical specimens were mounted into a clamping system equipped with a thrust force and torque transducer. Using a CNC machine, unicortical holes were drilled in each specimen at 1000 rpm, 1250 rpm, and 1500 rpm with a 3.2 mm...

... these surrogates and human femurs, which was the present aim. Synthetic and human femurs had bicortical orthopedic screws ( diameter = 3.5 mm and length = 50 mm ) inserted in three locations along the anterior length. The screws were extracted to obtain pullout force, shear stress, and energy-to-pullout. The four...