The intervertebral disc (IVD) receives important nutrients, such as glucose, from surrounding blood vessels. Poor nutritional supply is believed to play a key role in disc degeneration. Several investigators have presented finite element models of the IVD to investigate disc nutrition; however, none has predicted nutrient levels and cell viability in the disc with a realistic 3D geometry and tissue properties coupled to mechanical deformation. Understanding how degeneration and loading affect nutrition and cell viability is necessary for elucidating the mechanisms of disc degeneration and low back pain. The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of disc degeneration and static deformation on glucose distributions and cell viability in the IVD using finite element analysis. A realistic 3D finite element model of the IVD was developed based on mechano-electrochemical mixture theory. In the model, the cellular metabolic activities and viability were related to nutrient concentrations, and transport properties of nutrients were dependent on tissue deformation. The effects of disc degeneration and mechanical compression on glucose concentrations and cell density distributions in the IVD were investigated. To examine effects of disc degeneration, tissue properties were altered to reflect those of degenerated tissue, including reduced water content, fixed charge density, height, and endplate permeability. Two mechanical loading conditions were also investigated: a reference (undeformed) case and a 10% static deformation case. In general, nutrient levels decreased moving away from the nutritional supply at the disc periphery. Minimum glucose levels were at the interface between the nucleus and annulus regions of the disc. Deformation caused a 6.2% decrease in the minimum glucose concentration in the normal IVD, while degeneration resulted in an 80% decrease. Although cell density was not affected in the undeformed normal disc, there was a decrease in cell viability in the degenerated case, in which averaged cell density fell 11% compared with the normal case. This effect was further exacerbated by deformation of the degenerated IVD. Both deformation and disc degeneration altered the glucose distribution in the IVD. For the degenerated case, glucose levels fell below levels necessary for maintaining cell viability, and cell density decreased. This study provides important insight into nutrition-related mechanisms of disc degeneration. Moreover, our model may serve as a powerful tool in the development of new treatments for low back pain.
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September 2011
Research Papers
3D Finite Element Analysis of Nutrient Distributions and Cell Viability in the Intervertebral Disc: Effects of Deformation and Degeneration
Alicia R. Jackson,
Alicia R. Jackson
Tissue Biomechanics Lab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
, Miami, FL 33136
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Chun-Yuh C. Huang,
Chun-Yuh C. Huang
Stem Cell and Mechanobiology Lab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146
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Mark D. Brown,
Mark D. Brown
Department of Orthopaedics,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
, Miami, FL 33136
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Wei Yong Gu
Wei Yong Gu
Tissue Biomechanics Lab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146 e-mail:
Search for other works by this author on:
Alicia R. Jackson
Tissue Biomechanics Lab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146; Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
, Miami, FL 33136
Chun-Yuh C. Huang
Stem Cell and Mechanobiology Lab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146
Mark D. Brown
Department of Orthopaedics,
University of Miami Miller School of Medicine
, Miami, FL 33136
Wei Yong Gu
Tissue Biomechanics Lab,
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Miami
, Coral Gables, FL 33146 e-mail: J Biomech Eng. Sep 2011, 133(9): 091006 (7 pages)
Published Online: October 11, 2011
Article history
Received:
July 12, 2011
Accepted:
August 22, 2011
Online:
October 11, 2011
Published:
October 11, 2011
Citation
Jackson, A. R., Huang, C. C., Brown, M. D., and Yong Gu, W. (October 11, 2011). "3D Finite Element Analysis of Nutrient Distributions and Cell Viability in the Intervertebral Disc: Effects of Deformation and Degeneration." ASME. J Biomech Eng. September 2011; 133(9): 091006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4004944
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