Traditionally, sensors to be integrated into a structural component are attached to or mounted on the component after the component has been fabricated. This tends to result in unsecured sensor attachment and/or serious offset between the sensor reading and the actual status of the structure, leading to performance degradation of the host structure. This paper describes a novel extrusion-based additive manufacturing process that has been developed to enable embedment of sensors in ceramic components during the part fabrication. In this process, an aqueous paste of ceramic particles with a very low amount of binder content (< 1 vol%) is extruded through a moving nozzle to build the part layer-by-layer. In the case of sensor embedment, the fabrication process is halted after a certain number of layers have been deposited. The sensors are placed in their predetermined locations, and the remaining layers are deposited until the part fabrication is completed. Because the sensors are embedded during the fabrication process, they are fully integrated with the part and the aforementioned problems of traditional sensor embedment can be eliminated. The sensors used in this study were made of sapphire optical fibers of 125 and 250 micro-meters diameter and can withstand temperatures up to 1600 °C. After the parts were built, two different drying processes (freeze drying and humid drying) were investigated to dry the parts. The dried parts were then sintered to achieve near theoretical density. Scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the embedded sensors and to detect any possible flaws in the part or embedded sensor. Attenuation of the sensors was measured in near-infrared region (1500–1600 nm wavelength) with a tunable laser source. Raman spectroscopy was performed on the samples to measure the residual stresses caused by shrinkage of the part and its slippage on the fibers during sintering and mismatch between the coefficients of thermal expansion of the fiber and host material. Standard test methods were employed to examine the effect of embedded fibers on the strength and hardness of the parts. The result indicated that the sapphire fiber sensors with diameters smaller than 250 micrometers are able to endure the freeform extrusion fabrication process and also the post-processing without compromising the part properties.
Skip Nav Destination
ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems
September 28–30, 2016
Stowe, Vermont, USA
Conference Sponsors:
- Aerospace Division
ISBN:
978-0-7918-5048-0
PROCEEDINGS PAPER
Freeform Extrusion Fabrication of Advanced Ceramic Components With Embedded Sapphire Optical Fiber Sensors
Amir Ghazanfari,
Amir Ghazanfari
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Search for other works by this author on:
Wenbin Li,
Wenbin Li
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Search for other works by this author on:
Ming C. Leu,
Ming C. Leu
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Search for other works by this author on:
Jeremy Watts,
Jeremy Watts
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Search for other works by this author on:
Yiyang Zhuang,
Yiyang Zhuang
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Search for other works by this author on:
Jie Huang
Jie Huang
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Search for other works by this author on:
Amir Ghazanfari
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Wenbin Li
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Ming C. Leu
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Jeremy Watts
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Yiyang Zhuang
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Jie Huang
Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO
Paper No:
SMASIS2016-9270, V001T04A014; 11 pages
Published Online:
November 29, 2016
Citation
Ghazanfari, A, Li, W, Leu, MC, Watts, J, Zhuang, Y, & Huang, J. "Freeform Extrusion Fabrication of Advanced Ceramic Components With Embedded Sapphire Optical Fiber Sensors." Proceedings of the ASME 2016 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. Volume 1: Multifunctional Materials; Mechanics and Behavior of Active Materials; Integrated System Design and Implementation; Structural Health Monitoring. Stowe, Vermont, USA. September 28–30, 2016. V001T04A014. ASME. https://doi.org/10.1115/SMASIS2016-9270
Download citation file:
28
Views
0
Citations
Related Proceedings Papers
Related Articles
Dough Extrusion Forming of Titanium Alloys—Green Body Characteristics, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (July,2018)
Effect of Particle Size Distribution on Powder Packing and Sintering in Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing of Metals
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (August,2017)
The Master Sinter Curve and Its Application to Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing
J. Manuf. Sci. Eng (October,2020)
Related Chapters
Novel and Efficient Mathematical and Computational Methods for the Analysis and Architecting of Ultralight Cellular Materials and their Macrostructural Responses
Advances in Computers and Information in Engineering Research, Volume 2
Role of Surface Analysis
Micro and Nanotribology
Surface Analysis and Tools
Tribology of Mechanical Systems: A Guide to Present and Future Technologies