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Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications | Volume 9 | Issue 1 | research-article
Research Papers

Numerical Simulation of Oblique Air Jet Impingement on a Heated Flat Plate

[+] Author and Article Information
Abhishek B. Bhagwat

Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,
Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
e-mail: abhishek.bhagwat1@gmail.com

Arunkumar Sridharan

Associate Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay,
Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India
e-mail: arunsri@iitb.ac.in

1Corresponding author.

Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING APPLICATIONS. Manuscript received November 9, 2015; final manuscript received September 27, 2016; published online December 1, 2016. Assoc. Editor: Dr. Ali J. Chamkha.

J. Thermal Sci. Eng. Appl 9(1), 011017 (Dec 01, 2016) (10 pages) Paper No: TSEA-15-1323; doi: 10.1115/1.4034913 History: Received November 09, 2015; Revised September 27, 2016
Article
References
Figures
Tables

Jet impingement cooling has been studied extensively as this finds applications in the areas of reactor safety, electronic cooling, etc. Here, the convective heat transfer process between the air jet impingement on a uniformly heated inclined flat plate is studied numerically. In this numerical study, 3D simulations are carried out using commercial CFD code to investigate the effect of angle of inclination of plate, Reynolds number, and distance between the nozzle exit and the plate on the heat transfer characteristics. V2F model has been used to model turbulence for various nozzle–plate distance and Reynolds number. It can be concluded that V2F model predicts the Nusselt number variation on the plate satisfactorily. It is observed that point of maximum heat transfer is at the stagnation point in case of vertical jet impinging on a horizontal plate, while it shifts away from the point of impingement for the case of a vertical jet impinging on an inclined flat surface. The shift is toward the “compression side” or the “uphill side” of the air jet. The results are validated with experimental data from the literature. Detailed analysis of local heat transfer coefficients, velocity contours, temperature contours, and Nusselt number variations on the flat plate is presented.
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References

1
Gauntner, J. W. , Livingood, J. N. B. , and Hrycak, P. , 1970, “ Survey of Literature on Flow Characteristics of a Single Turbulent Jet Impinging on a Flat Plate,” NASA Technical Note, Report No. NASA TN D-5652.
2
Martin, H. , 1977, “ Heat and Mass Transfer Between Impinging Gas Jets and Solid Surfaces,” Adv. Heat Transfer, 13, pp. 1–60.
3
Jambunathan, K. , Lai, E. , Moss, M. A. , and Button, B. L. , 1992, “ A Review of Heat Transfer Data for Single Circular Jet Impingement,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 13(2), pp. 106–115. [CrossRef]
4
Goldstein, R. J. , and Franchett, M. E. , 1988, “ Heat Transfer From a Flat Surface to an Oblique Impinging Jet,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 110(1), pp. 84–89. [CrossRef]
5
Sparrow, E. M. , and Lovell, B. J. , 1980, “ Heat Transfer Characteristics of an Obliquely Impinging Circular Jet,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 102(2), pp. 202–209. [CrossRef]
6
Yan, X. , and Saniel, N. , 1997, “ Heat Transfer From an Obliquely Impinging Circular Air Jet to Flat Plate,” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 18(6), pp. 591–599. [CrossRef]
7
Lienhard, J. H. , 2006, “ Heat Transfer by Impingement of Circular Free-Surface Liquid Jets,” 18th National and 7th ISHMT—ASME Heat and Mass Transfer Conference, Jan. 4–6.
8
Beltaos, S. , 1975, “ Oblique Impingement of Circular Turbulent Jet,” J. Hydraul. Res., 14(1), pp. 17–36. [CrossRef]
9
Lyttle, D. , and Webb, B. W. , 1994, “ Air Jet Impingement Heat Transfer at Low Nozzle-Plate Spacing,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 37(12), pp. 1687–1697. [CrossRef]
10
Huang, L. , and El-Genk, M. , 1994, “ Heat Transfer of an Impinging Jet on a Flat Surface,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 37(13), pp. 1915–1923. [CrossRef]
11
Mohanty, A. K. , and Tawfek, A. , 1992, “ Heat Transfer Due to a Round Jet Impinging Normal to a Flat Surface,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 36(6), pp. 1639–1647. [CrossRef]
12
Singh, D. , Premachandran, B. , and Kohli, S. , 2013, “ Numerical Simulation of the Jet Impingement Cooling of a Circular Cylinder,” Numer. Heat Transfer, Part A, 64(2), pp. 153–185. [CrossRef]
13
Baughn, J. W. , and Shimizu, S. , 1989, “ Heat Transfer Measurements From a Surface With Uniform Heat Flux and an Impinging Jet,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 111(4), pp. 1096–1098. [CrossRef]
14
Hrycak, P. , 1983, “ Heat Transfer From Round Impinging Jets to a Flat Plate,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 26(12), pp. 1857–1865. [CrossRef]
15
Katti, V. , and Prabhu, S. V. , 2008, “ Experimental Study and Theoretical Analysis of Local Heat Transfer Distribution Between Smooth Flat Surface and Impinging Air Jet From a Circular Straight Pipe Nozzle,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 51(17–18), pp. 4480–4495. [CrossRef]
16
Zuckerman, N. , and Lior, N. , 2005, “ Impingement Heat Transfer: Correlations and Numerical Modeling,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 127(5), pp. 544–552. [CrossRef]
17
Gardon, R. , and Cobonpue, J. , 1962, “ Heat Transfer Between a Flat Plate and Jets of Air Impinging on It,” International Developments in Heat Transfer International Heat Transfer Conference, ASME, pp. 454–460.
18
Gardon, R. , and Akfirat, C. , 1965, “ The Role of Turbulence in Determining the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Impinging Jets,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 8(10), pp. 1261–1272. [CrossRef]
19
Gardon, R. , and Akfirat, C. , 1966, “ Heat Transfer Characteristics of Impinging Two Dimensional Air Jets,” ASME J. Heat Transfer, 88(1), pp. 101–108. [CrossRef]
20
Attalla, M. , and Salem, M. , 2004, “ Heat Transfer From a Flat Surface to an Inclined Impinging Jet,” Heat Mass Transfer, 50(7), pp. 915–922. [CrossRef]
21
O'Donovan, T. S. , and Muray, D. B. , 2007, “ Jet Impingement Heat Transfer—Part I: Mean and Root-Mean-Square Heat Transfer and Velocity Distributions,” Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, 50(17–18), pp. 3291–3301. [CrossRef]
22
ANSYS, 2011, “ FLUENT V2F Turbulence Model Manual,” ANSYS, Inc., Canonsburg, PA.
23
Burmeister, L. C. , 1993, Convective Heat Transfer, 2nd ed., Wiley, New York.
24
Bejan, A. , 2004, Convection Heat Transfer, 3rd ed., Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
25
Material Measurement Laboratory, 2016, “Thermophysical Properties of Fluid Systems,” National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, http://webbook.nist.gov/chemistry/fluid/
26
Livingood, J. N. B. , and Hrycak, P. , 1970, “ Impingement Heat Transfer From Turbulent Air Jets to Flat Plates—A Literature Survey,” NASA Technical Memorandum, Report No. NASA TM X-2778.

Figures

Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 8

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 9

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 3

Meshed gambit model of an inclined flat plate with symmetry (angle between jet and plate is 60 deg)

+Meshed gambit model of an inclined flat plate with symmetry (angle between jet and plate is 60 deg)
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Meshed gambit model of an inclined flat plate with symmetry (angle between jet and plate is 60 deg)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 2

Computational domain for the present study representing angle of impingement (θ) and azimuthal angle (α) (not to scale)

+Computational domain for the present study representing angle of impingement (θ) and azimuthal angle (α) (not to scale)
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Computational domain for the present study representing angle of impingement (θ) and azimuthal angle (α) (not to scale)
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 1

Jet impingement on flat horizontal surface [21]

+Jet impingement on flat horizontal surface [21]
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Jet impingement on flat horizontal surface [21]
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 4

Results for Nusselt number as a function of distance from stagnation point—grid independence study

+Results for Nusselt number as a function of distance from stagnation point—grid independence study
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Results for Nusselt number as a function of distance from stagnation point—grid independence study
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 5

Validation of results: (a) Z/d = 1, Re = 28,000 and (b) Z/d = 6, Re = 28,000

+Validation of results: (a) Z/d = 1, Re = 28,000 and (b) Z/d = 6, Re = 28,000
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Validation of results: (a) Z/d = 1, Re = 28,000 and (b) Z/d = 6, Re = 28,000
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 6

Contours of Nusselt number on an inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg

+Contours of Nusselt number on an inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
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Contours of Nusselt number on an inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 7

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 16

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 17

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 18

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 26

Absolute pressure variation along α = 0 deg and α = 180 deg showing shift in stagnation point (point of maximum pressure) for Z/d = 6 and Re = 41,722

+Absolute pressure variation along α = 0 deg and α = 180 deg showing shift in stagnation point (point of maximum pressure) for Z/d = 6 and Re = 41,722
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Absolute pressure variation along α = 0 deg and α = 180 deg showing shift in stagnation point (point of maximum pressure) for Z/d = 6 and Re = 41,722
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 19

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 10, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 20

Nusselt number variation along the azimuthal angle on the plate for Z/d = 2, Re = 28,000, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along the azimuthal angle on the plate for Z/d = 2, Re = 28,000, and θ = 60 deg
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Nusselt number variation along the azimuthal angle on the plate for Z/d = 2, Re = 28,000, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 10

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 6, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 11

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 16,680, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 12

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 41,722, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 13

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 28,000, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 28,000, and θ = 60 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 28,000, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 14

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 41,722, and θ = 30 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 15

Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg

+Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Nusselt number variation along azimuthal angle (α) on inclined plate Z/d = 4, Re = 16,680, and θ = 30 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 21

Nusselt number variation along the azimuthal angle on the plate for Z/d = 2, Re = 40,000, and θ = 60 deg

+Nusselt number variation along the azimuthal angle on the plate for Z/d = 2, Re = 40,000, and θ = 60 deg
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Nusselt number variation along the azimuthal angle on the plate for Z/d = 2, Re = 40,000, and θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 22

Effect of angle of impingement and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant Reynolds number at α = 0 deg

+Effect of angle of impingement and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant Reynolds number at α = 0 deg
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Effect of angle of impingement and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant Reynolds number at α = 0 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 25

Effect of Reynolds number and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant angle of impingement θ = 60 deg

+Effect of Reynolds number and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant angle of impingement θ = 60 deg
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Effect of Reynolds number and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant angle of impingement θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 23

Effect of angle of impingement and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant Reynolds number at α = 180 deg

+Effect of angle of impingement and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant Reynolds number at α = 180 deg
View Large  |  Save Figure  |  Download Slide (.ppt)
Effect of angle of impingement and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant Reynolds number at α = 180 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 24

Effect of Reynolds number and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant angle of impingement θ = 60 deg

+Effect of Reynolds number and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant angle of impingement θ = 60 deg
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Effect of Reynolds number and plate-jet spacing on the Nusselt number at constant angle of impingement θ = 60 deg
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 27

Contours for velocity magnitude Z/d = 6, θ = 60 deg, and Re = 41,722

+Contours for velocity magnitude Z/d = 6, θ = 60 deg, and Re = 41,722
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Contours for velocity magnitude Z/d = 6, θ = 60 deg, and Re = 41,722
Grahic Jump Location
Fig. 28

Velocity vectors for Z/d = 6, θ = 60 deg, and Re = 41,722

+Velocity vectors for Z/d = 6, θ = 60 deg, and Re = 41,722
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Velocity vectors for Z/d = 6, θ = 60 deg, and Re = 41,722

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